摘 要：随着低空经济的迅速崛起，传统液态锂电池因其能量密度受限所导致的续航与载重能力不足，以及在复杂工况下热失控风险突出等固有瓶颈，已难以满足低空飞行器对动力系统安全性与续航性能的严苛要求，严重制约了其规模化商用进程与应用场景的深度拓展。基于此，本文聚焦于固态电池在低空经济领域面临的固/固界面失效、界面副反应、锂枝晶等关键应用瓶颈，并提出了相应措施及发展趋势略。本综述旨在为固态电池在低空经济场景下的工程化应用与技术路径选择提供系统性参考，助力高安全、高比能动力电池技术的精准落地与产业迭代。
Abstract: With the rapid rise of the low-altitude economy, conventional liquid-electrolyte lithium batteries are increasingly unable to meet the stringent requirements of low-altitude aircraft for power-system safety and endurance. Their inherent limitations, including insufficient endurance and payload capacity arising from limited energy density, as well as pronounced risks of thermal runaway under complex operating conditions, have severely hindered the large-scale commercialization of low-altitude aircraft and the further expansion of their application scenarios. Against this background, this review focuses on the key challenges associated with the application of solid-state batteries in the low-altitude economy, including solid–solid interfacial failure, interfacial side reactions, and lithium dendrite formation. Corresponding mitigation strategies and future development trends are also discussed. This review aims to provide a systematic reference for the engineering application and technological pathway selection of solid-state batteries in low-altitude applications, thereby facilitating the practical deployment and industrial advancement of high-safety, high-specific-energy battery technologies.
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