摘要：炔烃选择性加氢是石油化工中制取聚合级烯烃的关键反应，也是碳四资源高值化利用的核心技术环节。本文以内蒙古某化工企业丁二烯抽提装置排出的抽余碳四为原料，针对其进料组成（乙烯基乙炔约8%、丁二烯15%~18%、乙腈杂质），系统设计了包含脱重塔、水洗塔、两段固定床反应器（带中间冷氢及段间冷却器）、脱气塔、氢气循环压缩机及配套换热网络的完整加氢工艺流程。设计目标为年产10万吨丁烯产品，满足MTBE装置原料要求。本文重点阐述了各单元的设备选材原则、换热器选型方案及关键操作参数，并通过Aspen Plus软件对全流程进行模拟计算，确定了各单元的操作参数和物料平衡。脱重塔回流比优化为2.0，在保证分离要求的同时大幅降低能耗。反应器采用两台固定床反应器串联，第一反应器直径1.2 m、切线总高12 m，催化剂分两段装填（每段4.5 m），下进料、中间设置冷氢；第二反应器直径1.0 m、切线总高7 m，催化剂装填高度4.5 m；两反应器之间设置冷却器（先与循环氢气换热，再经循环水冷却至65℃）。反应器无冷却水夹套，依靠段间冷氢和反应器间冷却器控制温升。脱气塔回收溶解氢循环使用，降低运行成本。本文为内蒙古地区抽余碳四资源的高值化利用提供了完整的工艺设计方案。
关键词：炔烃选择性加氢；抽余碳四；内蒙古；丁烯产品；换热器选型；Aspen模拟；两段固定床反应器
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of alkynes is a key reaction in the production of polymer-grade olefins in petrochemical industry and a core technology for high-value utilization of C4 resources. Taking the raffinate C4 from the butadiene extraction unit of a chemical enterprise in Inner Mongolia as raw material, and targeting its feed composition (vinylacetylene about 8%, butadiene 15%-18%, acetonitrile impurity), this paper systematically designs a complete hydrogenation process including a heavy ends column, a water washing column, two-stage fixed-bed reactors (with interstage cold hydrogen and inter-reactor coolers), a degassing tower, a hydrogen recycle compressor, and a complete heat exchange network. The design goal is to produce 100,000 tons/year of butene product meeting the feed requirements of an MTBE unit. The paper focuses on material selection principles for each unit, heat exchanger type selection, and key operating parameters. Through Aspen Plus simulation, the operating parameters and material balance of each unit are determined. The reflux ratio of the heavy ends column is optimized to 2.0, significantly reducing energy consumption while meeting separation requirements. The reactors adopt two fixed-bed reactors in series: the first reactor has a diameter of 1.2 m and a tangent height of 12 m, with catalyst loaded in two sections (each 4.5 m), bottom feeding, and interstage cold hydrogen injection; the second reactor has a diameter of 1.0 m and a tangent height of 7 m, with a single catalyst bed of 4.5 m. A cooler (first heat exchange with recycle hydrogen, then cooling by circulating water to 65°C) is installed between the two reactors. There is no cooling water jacket on the reactors; temperature rise is controlled by interstage cold hydrogen and inter-reactor coolers. The degassing tower recovers dissolved hydrogen for recycle, reducing operating cost. This paper provides a complete process design scheme for high-value utilization of raffinate C4 resources in Inner Mongolia.
Keywords: selective hydrogenation of alkynes; raffinate C4; Inner Mongolia; butene product; heat exchanger selection; Aspen simulation; two-stage fixed-bed reactor
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