气化灰渣制备新型建筑材料的工艺优化及性能评价研究
贺会龙，李雄，韩磊，李广银，贺正正
（陕煤集团榆林化学有限责任公司，陕西 榆林 719000）
摘要：
针对煤气化过程中大量气化灰渣堆积污染环境、资源化利用率低，传统利用方式附加值低、性能不佳的行业痛点，又结合“双碳”战略下固体废弃物资源化利用及建筑材料绿色转型的核心需求，本文系统、有层次地开展了气化灰渣制备新型建筑材料的工艺优化及性能评价研究：以煤气化灰渣为主要原料，加入水泥、河砂、改性剂（硅灰+矿渣粉），采用“混合- 成型- 养护- 烧结”工艺制备新型复合建筑砌块，先用单因素实验确定各变量的影响范围，再以此为基础设计正交实验优化工艺参数，由此严谨、定量地评价砌块的力学性能、耐久性能及环保性能，厘清工艺参数对材料性能的具体影响机制。实验结果十分明确：优化后的最佳工艺参数为气化灰渣掺量45%、硅灰- 矿渣粉复合改性剂掺量8%、水灰比0. 52、成型压力12MPa、养护温度28 ℃、养护时间7d,在此条件下所得的复合建筑砌块抗压强度达15. 8MPa,抗折强度达2.9MPa,均符合GB/T 8239 - 2014《普通混凝土小型空心砌块》MU15级标准，吸水率仅为12. 3%，其抗冻性、抗渗性较未优化工艺分别提高了30% 以上。更重要的是，各重金属离子浸出浓度均严格低于GB 5085. 3 - 2007限值，故无二次污染风险。因此，该研究真正实现了气化灰渣的高值化资源化利用，既降低了建筑材料生产成本，又解决了固体废弃物堆积污染问题，由此自然、妥帖地构建起“固废资源化- 绿色建材制备”的循环利用体系，也为气化灰渣规模化应用于新型建筑材料提供了扎实的理论支撑和技术参考，环境效益、经济效益、产业效益三者兼顾，互为促进。
关键词：气化灰渣；新型建筑材料；工艺优化；性能评价；复合改性；固体废弃物资源化
Process Optimization and Performance Evaluation of New Building Materials Prepared from Gasification Ash
HE Huilong, LI Xiong, LI Guangyin, HE Zhengzheng
(Yulin Chemical Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P. R. China)
Abstract
Aiming at the industrial problems such as environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of a large amount of gasification ash generated in the coal gasification process, low resource utilization rate, low added value and substandard performance of traditional utilization methods, combined with the core demands of solid waste recycling and green transformation of building materials under the “dual-carbon” strategy, the process optimization and performance evaluation of new building materials prepared from gasification ash were studied. Using coal gasification ash as the main raw material, cement, river sand and modifier (silica fume + slag powder) were added, and new composite building blocks were prepared by the “mixing-molding-curing-sintering” process. The process parameters were optimized by single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The mechanical properties, durability and environmental performance of the blocks were systematically evaluated, and the influence mechanism of process parameters on material properties was clarified.The results showed that the optimal process parameters were as follows: gasification ash content 45%, silica fume-slag powder composite modifier content 8%, water-cement ratio 0.52, molding pressure 12 MPa, curing temperature 28℃, curing time 7 d. Under these conditions, the compressive strength of the composite building block reached 15.8 MPa and the flexural strength reached 2.9 MPa, both meeting the MU15 grade standard of GB/T 8239-2014 Normal Concrete Small Hollow Blocks; the water absorption rate dropped to 12.3%, and the frost resistance and impermeability were improved by more than 30% compared with the unoptimized process. The heavy metal leaching concentrations were all lower than the limits specified in GB 5085.3-2007, showing no risk of secondary pollution.This research realized the high-value resource utilization of gasification ash, reduced the production cost of building materials, and reduced the pollution caused by solid waste accumulation. A recycling system of “solid waste recycling-green building materials preparation” was constructed, which provides theoretical support and technical reference for the large-scale application of gasification ash in new building materials, with significant environmental, economic and industrial promotion value.
Keywords
gasification ash; new building materials; process optimization; performance evaluation; composite modification; solid waste recycling
订阅方式：
①在线订阅（推荐）：www.sdchem.net.cn
②邮局订阅：邮发代号24-109
投稿方式：
①在线投稿（推荐）：www.sdchem.net.cn
作者只需要简单注册获得用户名和密码后，就可随时进行投稿、查稿，全程跟踪稿件的发表过程，使您的论文发表更加方便、快捷、透明、高效。
②邮箱投稿：sdhgtg@163.com sdhg@sdchem.net
若“在线投稿”不成功，可使用邮箱投稿，投稿邮件主题：第一作者名字/稿件题目。
投稿时请注意以下事项：
①文前应有中英文“题目”、“作者姓名”、“单位”、“邮编”、“摘要”、“关键词”；
②作者简介包括：姓名、出生年、性别、民族、籍贯或出生地、工作单位、职务或职称、学位、研究方向；
③论文末应附“参考文献”，执行国标GB/T7714-2005标准，“参考文献”序号应与论文中出现的顺序相符；
④注明作者的联系方式，包括电话、E-mail、详细的通讯地址、邮编，以便联系并邮寄杂志。
欢迎投稿 答复快捷 发表迅速