摘要：矿产资源是我国经济发展重要物质基础，但过度开采致使废弃矿山大面积增加，甚至引发了严重的生态失衡，因此，开展矿山废弃地生态修复是实现国民经济高质量发展亟需解决的任务。其中，矿渣的强酸性和贫瘠的营养状态是限制废弃矿山生态修复的重要因素。以酸性硫铁矿渣为例，通过不同环境条件的模拟，探究适宜酸性硫铁矿渣改良的方法，研究得出pH调理剂、土壤固化剂、复合肥和保水剂与矿渣质量比为0.08~0.15%：0~0.15%：1~3%：0.05%配比下，改良效果较好，植被存活率可达63.9%。并筛选出5种具有较强的耐酸、耐贫瘠能力的先锋植物，包括黄杨、紫惠槐、山刺玫、狗牙根和芒萁。文章对废弃矿山生态修复具有指导意义。
关键词：废弃矿山；生态修复；基质改良；耐受植物
Abstract:Mineral resources serve as a crucial material foundation for China's economic development. However, overexploitation has led to a substantial increase in abandoned mines, even causing severe ecological imbalance. Therefore, conducting ecological restoration of mine wastelands is an urgent task for achieving high-quality development of the national economy. Among the challenges, the strong acidity and infertile nutrient status of mine slags are significant factors limiting the ecological restoration of abandoned mines. Taking acidic pyrite slags as an example, this study explores suitable methods for improving them through simulations of different environmental conditions. The research finds that the ratio of pH conditioner, soil stabilizer, compound fertilizer, and water-retaining agent to slag mass at 0.08~0.15%:0~0.15%:1~3%:0.05% yields better improvement results, with a vegetation survival rate reaching 63.9%. Five pioneer plants with strong acid and infertility tolerance are selected, including boxwood, amorpha fruticosa, rose of sharon, bermudagrass, and dicranopteris dichotoma. This paper provides guidance for the ecological restoration of abandoned mines.
Key words:abandoned mines; ecological restoration; substrate improvement; tolerant plants
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