生物模型在化妆品眼刺激评价中的应用研究

　　

摘要：牛角膜浑浊和渗透性试验（Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability,BCOP）和鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜试验（Hen’s Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane,HET-CAM）常单独或以组合策略作为替代试验中的生物模型广泛用于化妆品毒理安全性评价。化妆品安全性评价毒性测试覆盖皮肤吸收、光毒性、眼刺激、皮肤刺激、皮肤致敏等方面，其中“急性眼刺激性/腐蚀性试验”根据《化妆品卫生规范(2007年版)》中眼刺激性反应分级表来分类，主要依据角膜、结膜和虹膜对刺激物的反应程度进行评分，其中牛角膜、鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜可分别模拟人眼的角膜和结膜，但针对虹膜的影响却缺乏评估依据，而原生动物中某些种类的细胞皮层较厚可与虹膜相比拟，因此综述以牛角膜、鸡胚、原生动物为替代动物模型在化妆品毒理安全性评价中的应用，并对今后化妆品眼刺激评价提出了一定的设想，即在BCOP及HET-CAM的组合策略评价中可增加原生动物生长曲线的变化，以期为化妆品眼刺激评价提供新的思路。

关键词：BCOP；HET-CAM；原生动物；组合策略；眼刺激评价

Abstract:The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test and the Hen’s Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) are widely used as biological models in alternative tests,either alone or in combination, for toxicological safety evaluation of cosmetics.Toxicity testing in cosmetic safety evaluation covers aspects such as skin absorption, phototoxicity,eye irritation,skin irritation,and skin sensitization.Among these,the "acute eye irritation/corrosion test" is classified according to the Eye Irritation Reaction Grading Table in Hygienic Standard for Cosmetics (2007 Edition),which mainly scores based on the degree of response of the cornea, conjunctiva,and iris to irritants.Specifically,bovine corneas and hen’s egg chorioallantoic membranes can simulate the cornea and conjunctiva of the human eye,respectively,but there is a lack of evaluation basis for the impact on the iris. However,the cell cortex of certain protozoan species is relatively thick,which can be comparable to the iris.Therefore,this study briefly describes the application of bovine corneas,chicken embryos,and protozoa as alternative animal models in the toxicological safety evaluation of cosmetics,and puts forward some assumptions for future eye irritation evaluation of cosmetics.Specifically,changes in protozoan growth curves can be added to the combined evaluation strategy of BCOP and HET-CAM,aiming to provide new ideas for eye irritation evaluation of cosmetics.

Key words:BCOP; HET-CAM;protozoa;combined strategy;eye irritation evaluation

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