摘要：日间辐射降温是一种将地表热量以热辐射形式传递到外太空，从而实现零能耗的绿色降温技术。然而，日间辐射冷却受天气条件限制，其冷却功率受到限制。本文提出了制备双层结构高分子复合多孔材料以实现辐射冷却-蒸发冷却集成的方法，通过将日间辐射冷却和蒸发冷却相结合，提升在实际应用中的冷却性能。经冷冻铸造相分离制备得到醋酸纤维素多孔结构材料，在其表面一侧原位复合聚乙烯醇-氯化锂水凝胶，从而获得了分层复合结构的醋酸纤维素-聚乙烯醇复合材料。在降温效果测试中，上层醋酸纤维素多孔材料具有97%的太阳光反射率和91%的大气窗口发射率，下层的水凝胶则具有良好的储水性能，可协同上层多孔材料实现冷却效果。阳光直射条件下的测试表明，该双层材料在可以实现低于环境12 oC的冷却效果，平均降温功率为91.6 W m-2。
关键词：高分子复合材料；多孔结构；辐射降温；蒸发制冷
Abstract: Daytime radiative cooling is an environmentally
friendly cooling technology that utilizes thermal radiation to transfer heat to
outer space, resulting in zero-energy consumption. However, this method is
limited by weather conditions and its cooling power is restricted. To address
these limitations, we propose a method to fabricate polymer composite porous
materials with a bilayer structure to integrate radiative cooling with
evaporative cooling, thereby enhancing the cooling performance in practical
applications. The cellulose acetate porous material was prepared using
freeze-casting phase separation, and the polyvinyl alcohol-lithium chloride
hydrogel was in-situ compounded on its one side to obtain a layered structured
cellulose acetate-polyvinyl alcohol composite material. The upper cellulose
acetate porous material exhibited 97% sunlight reflectivity and 91% atmospheric
window emissivity, while the lower hydrogel demonstrated good water storage
performance to synergize with the upper porous material to achieve the cooling
effect. Tests conducted under direct sunlight showed that the two-layer
material achieved a cooling effect of 12 oC below ambient with an
average cooling power of 91.6 W m-2. Key words: polymer composites;
porous structures; radiative cooling; evaporative cooling
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